Young children need writing to help them learn about reading, and they need reading to help them learn about writing, and they need oral language to help them learn both.
Effective early literacy instruction provides children with developmentally appropriate settings, materials, experiences, and social support that encourage early forms of reading and writing to develop into conventional literacy. There are eight strategies that are proven most effective in teaching children:
1. Rich teacher talk: Engage children in rich conversations in large or small groups or one on one settings.
2. Storybook reading: Read aloud to the class once or twice a day, exposing children to different kinds of reading materials.
3. Phonological awareness activities (phonemic awareness): Provide activities that increase children's awareness of the sounds of language.
4. Alphabet activities: Engage children with materials that promote identification of the letters of the alphabet such as ABC books, blocks and puzzles, etc.,
5. Support for emergent reading: Encourage children to attempt to read books and other types of print by providing a well stocked library center, functional and play-related print, etc.,
6. Support for emergent writing: Encourage children to use emergent forms of writing, such as scribble writing, random letter strings, and invented spelling, by providing a writing center, shared writing demonstrations, play-related writing materials, etc.,
7. Shared book experience: Read books to children, and point to the print as it is read. While introducing and reading the text, draw children's attention to basic concepts of print such as left-to-right, top-to-bottom, book concepts, etc.,
8. Integrated, content-focused activities: Provide opportunities for children to investigate topics that are of interest to them. The objective is for children to use oral language, reading, and writing to learn about the world.
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